Nowe informacje ujawnione przez J.K. Rowling na portalu Pottermore na temat wszystkich tych elementów magicznego świata, które związane są z Hogwartem.
I szczerząc zęby na widok przerażenia na twarzy wuja Vernona, ruszył w kierunku wyjścia, pchając przed sobą wózek, na którym Hedwiga robiła trochę hałasu. Wierzył, że to lato będzie o wiele lepsze od ostatniego.
Member of the republican party, https://keycodesoftware.com/ he was a us representative in georgia's 6th congressional district serving north atlanta and adjacent areas. From 1979 until his retirement in 1999. In 2012, gingrich ran unsuccessfully for the republican nomination for president of the united states of america. Professor of history and geography at west georgia university in the 1970s. , Gingrich won election to the us house of representatives in november 1978, becoming the first republican in the history of georgia's 6th congressional district to do so. He served as the building minority whip from 1989 to 1995. Co-author and architect of the contract with america, gingrich was a key important leader in the republican victory in the 1994 congressional elections. In 1995, time named him "person of the year" for his role in ending four decades of democratic majority in the house of representatives. Provision and reduction of the finance gains tax in 1997. Gingrich played a major role in several government shutdowns and impeached president bill clinton in a partisan vote in the house of representatives. The poor results of the republicans in the 1998 congressional elections, the reprimand of the house of representatives for violating gingrich's ethics, and pressure from outside republican colleagues led to gingrich's resignation as speaker on november 6, 1998. He completely resigned from the house of representatives on january 3, 1999 [5 ]. Political scientists credit gingrich with a critical role in undermining democratic norms in the united states and accelerating political polarization and partisanship.[6][7, eight][9][10][page needed] After leaving house of representatives, gingrich remained active in the debate over the state program and designed his magnificent buildings as a political consultant. He founded and chaired several policy think tanks, including american solutions for winning the future and the center for health transformation. Gingrich ran for the republican nomination for president in the 2012 presidential election and was considered a potential leader in several stages of the race. Despite a late win in the south carolina primary, gingrich ultimately failed to win enough primaries to support a viable candidacy. He withdrew from the race in may 2012 and supported eventual candidate mitt romney. Gingrich later became a key ally of president donald trump and was reportedly among the finalists on trump's shortlist for running mate in the 2016 election. Since this year, gingrich has backed trump's allegations of voter fraud in next year's presidential election. Contract with americarepublican revolutiongovernment shutdowncampaignprimariesopioid-free advocatesamerican ideas for future leadershiphealth transformation center- nonfiction- fiction Vte gingrich was born as newton leroy macpherson at the harrisburg medical facility in harrisburg, pennsylvania on june 17, 1943. His mother, kathleen "kit" (née dougherty; 1925r11;2003), and biological father, newton searles macpherson (1923r11;1970), [14] married in september 1942, when she was 16 and macpherson was 19. The marriage ended within days.[15][16][17] he is of english, german, scottish and scotch-irish descent. ] Robert gingrich was a career army officer who served in korea and vietnam. In 1956 the family moved abroad, living for a time in orleans, france, and stuttgart, germany. And robert brown. Gingrich developed in hammelstown (near harrisburg) and the military bases where his stepfather was stationed. The family's religion was lutheran. This bike also has a half-sister and half-brother, randy mcpherson, from his biological father. In 1960, while he was in school, the family moved to fort benning, georgia.[21] In 1961, gingrich graduated from baker high school in columbus, georgia, where he met and then married his math teacher. He has been interested in politics since adolescence. While living with his family in orléans, france, he visited the battlefield of verdun and understood the sacrifices there and the importance of political leadership.[23] Gingrich received his bachelor's degree. He received his doctorate in history from the emory institute in atlanta in 1965. He then went on to graduate school at tulane university, earning an m.A. (1968) and a ph.D. In european history (1971).In 1969-1970 he spent six months in brussels working on his dissertation belgian educational policy in the congo, 1945-1960.[25][26] Gingrich received a reprieve from army during the vietnam war when he was a student and a father. In 1985, he stated, "considering all the education that i believe, the vast majority of me thinks i should have moved on." In 1970, gingrich entered the history department in european georgia. College, where building materials "taught history for a few minutes." [This quote needs to be quoted]. College, he took unpaid leave three times to run for the us house of representatives, losing twice, before dropping out of college. Under the rules of the university system, sitting professors were not allowed to run for office. He left the college in 1977 as soon as he was denied a position. 1968 republican primaries. 6th congressional district in north-central georgia. He lost to 20-year-old incumbent democrat jack flint by 2,770 votes. Gingrich's relative success surprised political scientists. Flint never faced a serious opponent; gingrich was the second republican previous versions to run against him. He performed well against flint, although 1974 was a disastrous year for republican candidates at the national level due to the aftermath of the nixon administration's watergate scandal. Republicans did slightly better in the 1976 house of representatives elections than they did in the 1974 national elections. The democratic nominee in the 1976 presidential election was former georgia governor jimmy carter. Carter received over two-thirds of the vote in his native georgia. Gingrich lost his race with 5,100 votes. Gingrich defeated democratic senator virginia shapard by 7,500 votes. Gingrich was re-elected more than five times therefore the constituencies. He once faced a close general election race - in the 1990 house of representatives election - in which circumstances he won by 978 votes in the opening race against republican herman clark and narrowly defeated democrat david worley by a narrow margin of 974 votes. Although the county was nationally republican-leaning, conservative democrats continued to hold the majority of local offices, as well as the majority of seats in the general assembly, until well into the 1980s.[39] congress[edit] In 1981, gingrich co-founded the defense reform advice (mrc) and the congressional air and space council. During the congress page sex scandal in 1983, gingrich was among those who called for the eulsion of representatives dan crane and jerry studds. Gingrich supported a proposal to ban imf loans to communist countries, and approved a bill that would make martin luther king jr. Day a new federal holiday.[41] In 1983, gingrich founded the conservative society opportunities (cos), a group that included young conservative republicans in the house of representatives. Authorized cos members included robert smith walker, judd gregg, dan coates and connie mack iii. The group gradually eanded to include several dozen representatives[42] who met daily to disseminate thoughts and develop ideas.[41] Gingrich's analysis of polls and public opinion determined the group's initial focus.[42] ronald reagan embraced the ideas of the "opportunity society" for his own 1984 re-election campaign, supporting the group's conservative goals in terms of economic growth, education, crime, and social issues. He did not emphasize this during his first term. Reagan also referred to the society of "prospects" in his initial address to the state of the union in the course of his second term. And support president reagan's veto). In late spring 1988, gingrich (with 77 other members of the house of dealers and the cumulative case" filed ethics charges against democratic speaker jim wright, who was alleged to have used the book deal to circumvent campaign finance laws and ethics rules. House of representatives. During the investigation, it was reported that gingrich had a special unusual deal with the book "window of prospects" and here advertising investments were covered by a limited liability partnership. He raised $105,000 from supporter republican politics to spur sales of gingrich's book. Gingrich's success in forcing wright's resignation contributed to his rising influence in the republican caucus. This was gingrich's first official tenure in the republican party.[49] he said his intention was himself to "create a much more aggressive, activist party".[48] in the early days of his role as whip, in late spring 1989, gingrich was involved in negotiations to appoint a panamanian administrator of the panama canal, which was to take place in 1989, subject to us government approval. Gingrich openly opposed the transfer of control of the canal to an administrator appointed by the dictatorship in panama. Protested what they saw as ethical errors during nearly 40 years of democratic control. The house of dealers banking scandal and the congressional post office scandal were symbols of eosed corruption. Gingrich himself was among the members of the house of representatives who drew nsf checks on the bank of the house of representatives. There were overdrafts on twenty-two checks, including a check for the number $9,463 to the tax office in 1990. Luntz, [53] gopac circulated a memo with a cover letter signed by gingrich titled "language, a key mechanism of control," in which the republicans urged "talk like newt." It contained lists of "contrasting words" - words with negative connotations such as "radical", "sick" and "traitors" - and "optimistic positive control words" like "opportunity", "courage" and "principled". Which gingrich recommended for playing on when describing democrats and republicans, respectively. Held back tax increases despite his campaign promise to "read my lips: no new taxes". Gingrich led an uprising that canceled the original appropriation package and led to the closure of the us federal government in 1990. The deal was backed by the president and congressional leaders on both sides after lengthy negotiations, but gingrich left during a televised event in the white house rose garden. House minority leader robert h. Michel described gingrich's rebellion as "1,000 branches of spite". Additional seat in the 1992 american house of representatives elections. However, the democratic-controlled georgia general assembly, under the leadership of the fierce house speaker tom murphy, specifically targeted gingrich, eliminating the district that gingrich represented. Gerrymandering divided gingrich's territory into 3 neighboring districts. The vast majority of the southern gingrich area, including its carrollton housing, was drawn into columbus's 3rd district, represented by five-term democrat richard ray. Gingrich remarked that "the speaker, in fundraising and swindling, has sincerely devoted part of his career to destroying me." Charles s. Bullock iii, professor of political science at the georgia institute, said, "speaker murphy is not ready to be represented by a republican." Jack kingston and mac collins.[58] The assembly created a new republican-dominated 6th district in fulton and cobb counties in the affluent northern suburbs of atlanta, an area gingrich generally could not imagine. Gingrich sold his carrollton residence and moved to marietta in the new area. His primary opponent, state representative herman clarke, who had challenged gingrich two years earlier, made an issue of gingrich's 22 overdraft checks in the house of representatives banking scandal, and also criticized gingrich for moving to the county. After the recount, gingrich won 980 votes, taking between 51 and 49 percent. His victory in the primaries almost ensured his victory in the elections in november. He was re-elected three times from that constituency against nominal democratic opposition. The republican party, gingrich and a number of other republicans drafted a contract with america outlining 10 policies that the republicans promised to bring to a vote in the house of representatives within the first hundred days of the new congress if they win the election. [60] the contract was signed by gingrich and various republican candidates for the house of representatives. The contract ranged from issues such as welfare reform, term limits, crime and a balanced budget/tax cap amendment to more specialized legislation such as stops on u.S. Military participation in united nations missions.[61] Republican revolution[edit] In the november 1994 midterm elections, the republicans won 54 seats, the first time since 1954. Longtime house minority leader bob michel of illinois did not run for office. Re-election, which gave gingrich, the highest-ranking republican to return to congress, the chance to become speaker. The midterm elections that handed congressional power to the republicans "shifted the center of gravity" in chisinau. Time magazine named gingrich "person of the year" in 1995 for his role in the election.[3] Speaker of the house of representatives[edit] The house delivered on gingrich's promise put to the vote all ten issues of the contract during the first 100 days of the session.President clinton called it the "america contract." , And an independent review of the finances of the chamber of dealers and the extraction of non-essential services such as the house barbershop and shoe-shine concessions. After gingrich's first 2 years as speaker of the house, the republican majority was re-elected in the 1996 election, the first time in 68 years that republicans had done so, and the first time that a democratic president was re-elected. / >As speaker, gingrich sought to tie christian conservatism to the republican party. According to a 2018 study, by 2000, christian conservatism was firmly rooted in the political platforms of the republican party. Yale congressional scholar david mayhew describes gingrich as a man of unimaginable influence, saying, "in gingrich, there is the clearest evidence that a member of congress is operating in our field, with consequences." In 1997, speaker gingrich visited taiwan as well as beijing in mainland china.[66] Role in political polarization[edit] A number of scholars have credited gingrich with a major role in undermining democratic norms in the united states and accelerating political polarization and partisan prejudice. [71][9][72][73][10] according to harvard university political scientists daniel zieblatt and steven levitsky, gingrich's speech had a profound and lasting impact on american politics and the health of american democracy. Gingrich is credited with instilling a "militant" approach in the republican party, where hate speech and hyperpartisanship have become commonplace and where democratic norms have been rejected. Gingrich often questioned the patriotism of the democrats, called them corrupt, compared them to fascists, and accused them of wanting to destroy the united states. Moreover, gingrich oversaw several major government shutdowns. Bizarre, decaying, destructive, devouring, greedy, deceitful, pitiful, radical, selfish, shameful, sick, stealing and traitors" about democrats as an example of breaking social rules and exacerbating party prejudices.[6] gingrich is a key figure in colgate university political scientist sam rosenfeld's 2017 book, the polarizers, about the shift of the american political system towards polarization and impasse. Rosenfeld describes gingrich thus: r0;for gingrich, the principles of a responsible party were of paramount value ... He initially viewed the role of the minority party in congress from a position similar to that to be found in parliamentary systems, favoring sharp programmatic contrast. Than engaging the majority party as junior members of government.r1;[7] Boston college political scientist david hopkins writes that gingrich helped nationalize american politics in such a way that democratic politicians at the state and city levels levels were increasingly dependent on the national democratic party and president clinton. Hopkins points out that gingrich's perspective[73] Is in direct opposition to the conventional wisdom of politics...That parties in a two-party system achieve ever higher electoral success as they approach the ideological center. Gingrich and his allies believed that an organized effort to fill the ideological contrast between the parties in congress would allow the republicans to win elections in the south. They have worked vigorously to link individual incumbent democrats to the party's most liberal national leadership while raising very sensitive cultural issues in congress, including proposed constitutional amendments to allow prayer in federal schools and ban american flag burning, in which conservatives the positions were in high demand, especially among southern voters. However, gingrich's point of view was confirmed by the success of the republican party in the 1994 us midterm elections, sometimes referred to as the "gingrich revolution." [73] hopkins writes, "more than any speaker before or since, gingrich has become both the strategic architect and the public face of his party." >According to university of texas political scientist sean m. Theriault, gingrich had a profound effect on other republican legislators, say those who dealt with this development in the house of representatives, because they adopted his obstructionist tactics.[ 8] a study 7 years ago by theriault-duke university political scientist david w. Rode in the journal of politics found that almost all of the rise in partisan polarization in the senate in the early 1970s can be attributed to republican senators who once served in the house of representatives. After 1978 "when gingrich was first elected to the house of representatives.[77] Gingrich consolidated power in the speaker's cabinet.[72] gingrich elevated junior and overly ideologically extremist members of the house of representatives to powerful committees, including the appropriations committee, which eventually led to the abolition of internal rules in the committees. Duration limits were also placed on committee chairs, preventing republican chairs from developing a power base separate from the republican party. As a result, gingrich's power was consolidated and consensus increased among republican congressmen.[79] bill clinton was reforming the welfare system, making changes like their job requirements for recipients. However, by 1994 the clinton administration appeared to be more concerned with implementing a universal healthcare program. Gingrich accused clinton of procrastinating on social software and suggested that congress could pass welfare reform legislation in as little as 90 days. He insisted that the republican party continue to exert political pressure on the president to approve their welfare act. Gingrich and his supporters pushed for the passage of the personal responsibility and opportunity act, which was aimed at overhauling the welfare system. The law gave state governments more autonomy to provide welfare benefits and also reduced the responsibility of the federal government. He established a temporary assistance program for families in need, which set temporary stops on the accumulation of social assistance and replaced the long-standing program of assistance to families with dependent children. Other changes to the welfare system included stricter conditions for food stamps, cuts in social assistance for immigrants, and eloitation requirements for recipients. The bill was signed into law by president clinton on august 22, 1996. , Creating tax rights and reducing regulation for businesses in poor areas, and increasing property ownership by underincome families. He also praised habitat for humanity when it sparked a movement to improve human life by helping them build their own homes.[84] Balancing the federal budget[edit] a key aspect of the 1994 contract with america in recent months was the promise of a balanced federal budget. After the shutdown ended, gingrich and other republican leaders admitted that congress would not be able to come up with a balanced budget in 1996. Instead, they decided to approve some small cuts that were approved by the white house long ago and wait until the next election period. The agreement called for a federal spending plan to reduce the federal welfare deficit and achieve a balanced budget by 2002. The plan included bipartisan tax cuts totaling $152 billion over five years. Other major parts of the spending plan included savings of $115 billion in medicare restructuring, $24 billion to roll out health insurance for children of the working poor, college tax credits, and $2 billion in unemployment benefits. [87][88] President clinton signed the budget into law in august 1997. At the conclusion, gingrich paid tribute to ordinary americans by stating, r0;it is their two sides together.r1;[86] In early 1998, with the economy doing better than eected, higher tax federal budget deficit to below $25 billion. Clinton submitted balanced funds for 1999, 3 years ahead of the original proposed schedule, making it the first balanced federal budget since 1969. ] In 1997, president clinton endorsed the taayer relief bill of 1997, which was the largest tax cut on capital gains in us history. Under trade rules, income from the sale of personal residences ($500,000 for married couples, $250,000 for singles) was exempt from tax if at least 2 of the previous 5 years were lived there. (Previously this was limited to a one-time exemption of $125,000 for those over 55.) / >In addition, this law increased the value of inherited estates and gifts that could be protected from taxation.[92] gingrich is credited with creating a capital gains tax cut program, especially in a treaty with america, which aimed to balance money and reduce inheritance and capital gains taxes.Some republicans felt that the compromise reached with clinton on the plan and tax bill was inadequate, but gingrich said the tax cut was a significant achievement by the republican congress in the face of opposition from the clinton administration's perspective. Gingrich and bob dole previously created the kemp commission, chaired by former u.S. Secretary of housing and urban development jack kemp, a tax reform commission that came up with a couple of wishes, including that dividends, markups, and capital gains should not be taxed. ][96] Other legislation[edit] Among the first pieces of legislation passed by the new congress under gingrich was the congressional accountability act of 1995, which extended to members of congress the same laws that apply to businesses and their employees, including the civil rights act of 1964 and the americans with disabilities act of 1990. As a provision of the contract with america, the law was symbolic of the new republican majority's goal of depriving congress of certain rights. The bill received near-public approval in the house of dealers and the senate and was signed into law on january 23, 1995. The bulletin of the atomic scientists called them "self-serving lobbyists and think tanks". The republican majority's pledge to slow government spending ran counter to the president's agenda for medicare, education, the environment, and public health, leading to two temporary federal government shutdowns for a total of 28 days.[99] clinton said the republican amendments would deprive the us treasury of the ability to use federal trust funds to evade the debt crisis. Republican amendments would restrict appeals from death row inmates, make it harder to pass health, safety, and environmental standards, and oblige the president to maintain a balanced budget for 7 years. Clinton banned a second bill allowing the government to continue after most spending powers eire. This will also cancel the planned reduction. The republicans pushed for an increase in medicare part b dues in january 1996 to $53.50 a month. Clinton supported a then-current law that would lower the premium paid by the elderly to $42.50. History of the united states of those years. The closure ended when clinton agreed to submit the cbo-approved balanced budget plan. To clinton's alleged snub of gingrich during an air force one flight to and from yitzhak rabin's funeral in israel. This feeling developed after the trip, when gingrich, during an interrogation of lars-erik nelson at dinner in the christian science monitor, said that he was unhappy that clinton did not invite him to discuss the budget on the flight. He complained that he and dole were ordered to use the aircraft's rear exit to land, saying that the snub was "part of what you ended up sending us a tougher resolution to proceed with." In a rebuff to gingrich's complaint that they were "forced to use the back door," nbc news released a video of gingrich and dole disembarking in tel aviv just behind clinton on the front stairs.[104] Gingrich has been widely ridiculed for implying that the shutdown of the government was the result of his personal grievances, including a widely circulated editorial cartoon depicting him as a baby throwing a tantrum.[105][ 106][107][108] Democratic leaders, notably chuck schumer, took the opportunity to criticize gingrich's motives for the budget confrontation.[109][110] in 1998, gingrich said that these comments were his "one mistake that could have been avoided" as a speaker. Goods in washington believe that it was a big mistake. They are absolutely wrong. The vast majority of republicans have not been re-elected since 1928. One of them that got us re-elected... Is that our gallery thought we were serious about it. And they thought we were serious. Because if the work came to a showdown, our company did not flinch. Successive balanced budgets since the 1920s, plus the first re-election of a republican majority since 1928. > eighty-four ethical charges were leveled by democrats against gingrich during his term as speaker. As a result, they were all excluded except for one: a tax exemption claim for a college course held for political purposes. January 21, 1997the chamber formally reprimanded gingrich (395 votes in favor, 28 against) and "ordered [him] to reimburse the chamber for certain costs of the $300,000 investigation" [115]. ][116][117] this was the first time that a speaker was punished for violating moral standards. Reckless" failure to follow the rules of the house. Ethics committee special counsel james m. Cole concluded that gingrich had violated federal tax law and lied to the ethics committee in an attempt to get the committee to dismiss a complaint against him. The entire committee did not agree on whether the tax laws had been violated and left the matter to the discretion of the irs. In 1999, irs dropped charges against organizations associated with the renewal of american civilization courses due to possible tax violations[120]. On the situation, gingrich said in january 1997 efforts of sufficient intensity to carefully direct or verify material submitted to the committee on my behalf in my name and under my signature, statements were given to the committee that are inaccurate, incomplete, and misleading, but i did not intend to mislead the committee ... I caused controversy among the people which could weaken people's faith in their own government." > in the summer of 1997, several republicans in the house of representatives tried to replace him as speaker, saying that gingrich's public image was a liability. The coup attempt began on july 9 with a meeting between republican conference chairman john boehner of ohio and republican leadership chairman bill paxon of new york. According to their plan, house majority leader dick armey, house majority leader tom delay, boner, and paxson were to give gingrich an ultimatum to resign or be voted out. However, armey opposed . Offered to make paxon the new speaker and gave orders to his chief of staff to warn gingrich. On july 11, gingrich met with top republican leadership to check on the situation. He elained that in no case will he resign. If voted for, there will be new speaker elections. This would allow for the possibility that democrats, along with dissenting republicans, would vote for democrat dick gephardt as speaker. On july 16, paxon offered to resign, believing that he had failed in the task. The situation is correct, as the only member of the leadership who was appointed to his position - gingrich - does not need to be elected. Gingrich accepted paxon's resignation and ordered paxon to immediately vacate the premises occupied by his leadership. Gingrich's private polls have given his fellow republicans the feeling that fanning the clinton-lewinsky scandal will damage clinton's popularity and suggests that the party will win a total of six to thirty seats in the house of representatives. Meanwhile, gingrich was having an affair with a woman who was 23 years his junior.[126] but instead of gaining seats, the republicans lost five seats, the worst mid-term result in 64 years for a non-presidential party. Other ethical violations, notably an unpopular monitor screen deal, added to his unpopularity, even though he himself was re-elected in his district.[128][129] The day after the election, a group of republicans ready to rebel against him prompted him to step down as speaker. He also announced this intention and a possible complete resignation from the house of representatives a couple of weeks after. In january 1999, he resigned.[130] in resigning from the speakership, gingrich referred to other republicans when he said that they did not seek to lead specialists who were cannibals. Writing a retrospective of his career to that point, the new york times in november 1998 described gingrich as "an eert at how to seize power but a novice at holding it", further believing that the player "illustrates[d] how difficult it is concerns a radical, polarizing figure who will hold on to power.r1; Causes the player to abandon any plans to do so. Debate. Mckay coppins of the atlantic summed up his time with gingrich in 2018: [Gingrich] dabbles in geopolitics while dining at comfortable italian restaurants. When he dreams of driving, he crosses the atlantic in business class, delivers eert opinions on current issues from bicontinental television studios, and gives speeches for $600 a minute. There is time for reading, also for writing, or for midday visits to the zoo - and even he admits: "it is a very cheerful life."[133] Politics[edit] In 2003 he founded the health transformation center. Gingrich supported the prescription drug, medicare improvement and modernization act of 2003, which established the federal medicare part d prescription drug benefits program.It has been criticized by some conservatives for this kind of support due to its cost. In a may 15, 2011 interview with date the press, gingrich reiterated his longstanding belief that r0;each of us has a duty to pay for a helping hand in paying for some medical services, and suggested that this could be done either through a mandate to receive health insurance or a requirement to post a deposit to secure coverage. In an interview, gingrich said, r0;i don't think right-wing si is more desirable than left-wing social engineering. I don't think that imposing drastic changes from the right or the left is a very good fit for a free society to work with." This comment caused a backlash in the republican party. Confidential electronic health information networks.[136] gingrich also co-chaired an independent congressional research group of medical policymakers formed in 2007 to analyze the bold and weak points of america's response to alzheimer's disease.[137] Gingrich served on several commissions, including the hart-rudman commission, officially known as the us national security/our times commission, which examined national security issues affecting the military, law enforcement body parts, and intelligence agencies.[138] in 2005, he co-chaired the un reform task force, which aimed to develop a us plan to strengthen the un.[139] gingrich taught for several decades at the united states air force aviation university, where, as of 2010, he is the longest-serving instructor in the joint flagship warfare course. Also that he is an honorary distinguished visiting scholar and professor at the national defense university and has trained officers of all defense services since 2012. Gingrich informally advised secretary of defense donald rumsfeld on strategic issues, including the israeli-palestinian conflict and encouraging the pentagon not to cede foreign policy influence to the state department and the national security council. Gingrich also becomes a leading member of the national security reform project coalition. [145] the group was a "ruthless fundraising force" that raised $52 million from major donors such as sheldon adelson and the coal company peabody energy. The group advocated deregulation and increased offshore oil drilling and other fossil fuel oil production, and opposed employee freedom of choice legislation; [145] [146] politico reported, "the operation, which involves polling and withdrawing funds, promotes gingrich's books, sends direct mail, airs ads promoting his life and finances his travels around the city." [146] american solutions closed 7 years ago after he left the organization. By gingrich, includes the creative production company gingrich productions[147] and the faith-based educational organization renewing american leadership.[148] Gingrich is a former member of the european relations cluster.[149] He is a fellow at conservative think tanks at the american enterprise institute. And the hoover institution. He occasionally appears as a commentator, guest or panel member on cable news shows such as fox news. He is listed as a writer on the fox news channel and frequently appears as a guest in a variety of sectors; he also occasionally hosted specials for fox news. Gingrich signed the strong america now commitment, committing himself to promote six sigma methods to reduce government spending.[150] Gingrich along with former representative patrick j. Kennedy and van jones , a former domestic policy adviser to president barack obama.[151] Since leaving congress in 1999, gingrich founded a number of commercial companies:[152] between 2001 and 2010, companies that he and his wife owned in whole or in part, had an income of almost 100% million dollars. As of 2015, gingrich worked as an advisor to canadian mining company barrick gold. At least $6.7 million in 2010 compared to a large net worth of $2.4 million in 2006. Most of the increase in his net worth was due to payments to him from his federal companies.[155] gingrich group and the center for health transformation established in 1999 as a consulting company. Sooner or later, its people not burdened with well-being were eelled, and it was renamed the central districts of health transformation. In the period from 2001 to 2010, the revenue of both companies amounted to 55 million dollars. Income came from more than 300 health insurance companies and other clients, but membership cost up to $200,000 a year in barter for access to gingrich and other perks.In 2011, when gingrich became a presidential candidate, he sold his stake in the business and said he would publish a comprehensive list of his customers and the amounts he was paid "to the extent possible." / >In april 2012, the center for health transformation filed for chapter 7 bankruptcy, planning to liquidate its assets to pay off debts ranging from $1 million to $10 million.[159][160] Between 2001 and 2010, gingrich advised freddie mac, a state-sponsored secondary home mortgage company, which was concerned about new regulations being considered by congress. Speaking of the $1.6 million in consulting fees, [156] gingrich said that r0;freddie mac paid the gingrich group, which has a number of staff and several offices, a fee for advice, just as you would pay any other consulting firm." 161] in january 2012. He stated that he was unable to make public his contract with freddie mac, despite the fact that the organization had given permission to do so, until his business partners here at healthcare transformation also agreed to the proposal.[162] Gingrich productions[edit] Gingrich productions, which is headed by gingrich's wife callista gingrich, was established in 2007. According to the manufacturer's website, in may 2011 she is a "performance and producer a company representing the work of newt and callista gingrich newt and callista use and produce political and socio-political science films, write books, record audiobooks and voiceovers, produce photo essays and perform on tv and acoustic. Between 2008 and 2011, the company produced three films about religion,[163] one about energy, one about ronald reagan, and a major one about the threat of radical islam, all of which were joint projects with the conservative group citizens united.[164] in 2011 newt and kallista were released in city on a hill about american exceptionalism.[165] As of may 2011, there were 5 employees working together in the district. In 2010, he paid gingrich over $2.4 million. Contract and concrete web site, newt.Org. By 2011, gingrich was getting $60,000 to speak, and $80 a year. One of gingrich's nonprofit groups, renewing american leadership, founded in march 2009,[164] paid gingrich communications $220,000 in a matter of years; the charity shared the names of its donors with gingrich, who could use them for his own commercial organizations. Gingrich communications, with 15 employees, closed in 2011 when gingrich launched his presidential campaign. Those other clients such as former gop national committee chairman michael steele and former pennsylvania senator rick santorum. Cathy lubbers, the agency's president and ceo, [167] gingrich's daughter, owns the agency. Gingrich owns stock in the agency and was paid over $70,000 in 2010 by the agency. >political activities[edit] Between 2005 and 2007, gingrich eressed the need to run for the 2008 republican presidential nomination.[169] on october 13, 2005, gingrich suggested that he was considering running for president, saying "there are circumstances where i will run", elaborating that there will be such circumstances if no other candidate champions some of the venue's ideas that he advocates . September 28, 2007. Gingrich announced that if his supporters donate $30 million to his campaign by october 21, he will seek the nomination. "Deemed to be running"[171] on september 29, spokesman rick tyler said that gingrich would not run for president in 2008, as he would not continue as chairman of american solutions.[172] drawing on the limitations of campaign finance law (the mccain-feingold campaign act would have forced him to leave his political organization, american solutions, if the ailment had put forward his candidacy), gingrich said: "i was not ready to give up on american solutions." Even to clarify whether the campaign was realistic". Several in-demand republicans in the country. He was heavily criticized for this endorsement, with conservatives questioning his 2012 presidential candidacy[175][176] and even comparing him to benedict arnold[177] Prior to the departure of president donald trump in the following december, trump appointed gingrich to the pentagon's defense policy tip advisory committee as part of a series of reshuffles that saw prominent trump supporters replace former members.In late winter 2021, biden-appointed defense secretary lloyd austin canceled all of trump's committee appointments, including gingrich. In late 2008, several political commentators, including mark ambinder in the atlantic[180] and robert novak in the washington post,[181] named gingrich as the top presidential candidate in the 2012 election, with ambinder reporting that gingrich was r0; already planted a few seeds in iowa, new hampshire.r1; A july 2010 poll by public policy polling found that gingrich was the leading republican contender for the republican nomination, but 23% of likely republican voters said they would vote for the account. Considering as a possible candidate during an on-the-record app appearance with greta van susteren in early spring 2009, gingrich said, "it hurts me a lot that a number of republicans don't understand that a country like this is tired of target signs." [Americans] are politically freaked out and worried about looks. They are sick because their money is being spent in a way that is completely unjustified... I think you can see a steady increase in the number of incumbents who have opponents, because american taayers are getting fed up."[183] On march 3, 2011, gingrich officially announced the formation of a platform called "newt eloratory 2012" in place of a formal eloratory committee for a potential presidential nomination. [184 ] on may 11, 2011, gingrich officially announced his individual intention to run for the republican party ticket in year 12. On june 9, 2011, a group of senior gingrich campaign aides left the campaign en masse, prompting uncertainty about the viability of his presidential run.[186] two more senior aides resigned on june 21, 2011. Ran for 5 years to win a seat in con congress, spent 16 years helping create a republican majority in the house of representatives, and worked for decades to create a republican majority in georgia. Some commentators have noted gingrich's tenacity throughout his career, especially in his presidential campaign. , Gingrich found support and promptly became a contender in the race, especially once cain suspended his campaign. By december 4, 2011, gingrich was in the lead in nationwide polls[192]. However, after an abundance of negative publicity placed by his opponents throughout december, gingrich's lead in the national poll fell to a tie with mitt romney.[193] January 3, 2012 iowa, far behind rick santorum, romney and ron paul. On january 10, gingrich finished fifth in the new hampshire republican primary, well behind romney, santorum, jon huntsman and the floor. Huntsman and rick perry, gingrich won the january 21 south carolina republican primary with about 40% of the vote, well ahead of romney, santorum and paul. This uneected victory allowed gingrich to take the lead again, heading to florida. Margin from 47% to 32%. Some factors that contributed to this result include romney's two strong debate performances (which tended to be gingrich's hallmark), the big night with which gingrich's campaign was overspent on television advertising,[199] and gingrich's widely criticized proposal for a permanent colony. On the moon by 2020 to revive the american space program. [202] However, gingrich was well ahead of santorum and paul. February 4, 2012. Gingrich finished a distant second in the nevada republican caucuses with 21%, behind romney, who received more than 50% of the total votes cast.[203] 7 february. In the twelfth year, gingrich finished last in the minnesota republican caucuses with less than 10.7 percent of the vote. Santorum won the caucus, followed by paul and romney. Santorum took tennessee and oklahoma, where gingrich had previously performed well in the polls, although gingrich managed to take third place behind romney. Race and support santorum.[207] On april 10, santorum announced the suspension of its campaign.[208] it was only after this proposal that the newt 2012 campaign used a new slogan, calling gingrich "the last conservative against all odds, on april 19, gingrich told republicans in new york that he could work to help romney win the general election if romney got the nomination.[209] After a disappointing second run in the april 24 delaware primary and tying with campaign debt in excess of $4 million, gingrich suspended his campaign and endorsed leader mitt romney on may 2, 2012,[209] 211] on whose behalf he subsequently campaigned (ie speeches and concerts on television). He and his wife calista addressed the convention on its last day with an introduction about this ronald reagan. The newt gingrich campaign was not officially dissolved at all. The campaign has recently submitted proposals to close without payment of outstanding debts to 114 businesses and consultants; fec turned down the offer. By that time the campaign was still about $4-6 million in debt, and the previous year the campaign committee had raised only $17,000. Gingrich supported donald trump faster than many other establishment republicans.[219] after advising the trump campaign in modern times, gingrich urged fellow republicans to unite around trump, who had by then become the presumptive republican presidential nominee. Gingrich was reportedly among trump's last three running mate candidates;[221][222] the vacancy eventually went to indiana gov. Mike pence.[223] After trump's victory in the presidential election in the election, there was speculation about gingrich as his secretary of state, chief of staff, or adviser. Finally gingrich announced that he was unable to teach in the cabinet. He stated that the fact is not interested in holding any position related to the trump administration, stressing that as an individual, this way it turns out to interact with individuals for r0;strategic planningr1;, and not for selection of work.[225] In may 2017, he promoted the conspiracy theory that hillary clinton and the democratic party assassinated seth rich, a democratic national committee official, during the 2016 presidential race.[226] Gingrich attended his wife's swearing in as us ambassador to the holy see at the white house in october 1917.[227] according to journalist robert mickens, newt gingrich was the de facto ambassador or "shadow ambassador", in a bygone era as callista gingrich, as mckay coppins of the atlantic paraphrased, "can usually be seen as the ceremonial face of an embassy". 228] 2020 election[edit] During the counting of ballots during the 2020 election period. Gingrich supported president trump in such a bid for re-election and urged him to stop counting votes as soon as unfounded allegations of fraud surfaced.[229] after the 2020 elections gingrich made false claims of electoral fraud and refused to acknowledge joe biden's victory. He called for the arrest of poll workers in pennsylvania after the election.[232][233][234] 2022 election[edit] In january in 2022, gingrich told fox news host maria bartiromo that members of the house select committee investigating the january 6 capitol attack faced a prescribed risk of jail time after the republicans took over congress, accusing them of violating laws without elaining that for the laws were broken:</>r0;I think that while you get the republican congress, it will collapse ... And the wolves will guess that they are now sheep, and they really, i think, decide real risk of jail time for those laws and they break,r1;[235] Which was interpreted by cnn and others as a threat.[235] In july 2022, he remained featured at the america first policy institute conference promoting a "trump-inspired platform for the republican presidential candidate and 2024.r1;[236] according to journalist dana milbank, as of august 2022, gingrich was advising kevin mccarthy and republicans in the house of staff in the 2022 midterm elections.[237] Political positions[edit] Gingrich is most often associated with the 1994 contract with america.[238] he is the founder of american solutions for winning the future. More recently, gingrich advocated replacing the nature conservation agency with the proposed "environmental solutions agency". On energy policy, he advocated the introduction of flexible fuels for vehicles sold in the united states and generally promoted the use of ethanol. Claim that using the august 2021 services, gingrich repeated the great replacement theory during an interview with fox news. Three years ago, he said: r0;after two or three years of spying on the un, i can tell you that the page is quite corrupt and extremely ineffective. No reasonable person would believe it.r1;[243] In 2007, gingrich wrote a book, rediscovering god in the united states of america. Gingrich's latest books deal with politics at large, including winning over time and the most recent, save america. . Gingrich called education "the number one factor in our future prosperity" and collaborated with al sharpton and education secretary arne duncan on education issues. Although he had previously opposed same-sex marriage, in december 2012 gingrich invited republicans to reconsider their attitude towards the chosen direction. Vote, inc. Which endorses the interstate contract for the national popular vote, whereby member states will award their electoral college votes to the winner of the national popular vote in america.[246] July december 14, 2016 gingrich stated that he believes muslim americans who believe in sharia law should be deported, and visiting sites that promote the islamic state of iraq and the levant or al-qaeda could be a heinous crime.[247] some observers question whether these views violate the freedom of speech and freedom of religion provisions of the first amendment to the us constitution.[248][249] On july 21, 2016, gingrich argued that nato members r0; must think about the us commitment to protecting them. He eanded by saying, r0;images have to think about commitment one way or another. Every president has argued that nato countries are not paying their fair share." He also stated how, in terms of whether the us would help estonia (a nato member) in the event of a russian invasion, he "would think a lot about it."[250] According to science, gingrich changed his attitude towards climate change r0;from cautious skeptic in the late 1980s to confident in the late 2000s and again skeptical during the [2016] campaign.r1;[251] In january 2022 gingrich described the house select committee on the january 6 attack as "essentially a lynch mob" that violated laws and trampled on civil liberties, suggesting committee members could be imprisoned if republicans took control of the house of representatives. In that year's elections.[252] Personal life[edit] Marriage and babies[edit] Jacqueline may "jackie" batley [edit] Gingrich has been married three times. In 1962, he married jacqueline may "jackie" buttley (february 21, 1936 r11; august 7, 2013), his former high school geometry teacher, at which point he was 19 and she was 26. They had two daughters: cathy, president of gingrich communications,[255] and jackie sue, writer, conservative columnist and political commentator.[256][257] In our territory here during the 1974 election campaign, gingrich had an affair with a young volunteer. Assistant who worked with gingrich forduringduringduringduringduringduringduringduringduringduringduring duringduringduringduringduringduringduringduringduringduringduringduring throughoutduringduringduringduringduringduringduring 1970s, stated that the customer was invented by a man that newt was paired with other women during his marriage to jackie." In the spring of 1980, gingrich filed for divorce from jackie after he began an affair with marianne ginter. Then - in 1984, jackie said that the divorce was "a complete surprise" for her. As soon as she had surgery to treat uterine cancer; once there, gingrich started talking about their divorce, after which jackie kicked the stretch film out of the premises. Gingrich disputed this option. Although gingrich's campaign staff 7 years ago continued to insist that jackie had asked for a divorce, court documents from carroll county, georgia pointed to the fact that jackie had in fact asked the judge to block the process, stating that although she had sufficient and sufficient paperwork for a divorce ... She doesn't want one in the current realities [and will never admit that any marriage is irrevocably ruined." About jackie: r0;she is not young enough or beautiful enough to be the wife of the president. And besides, she has cancer.r1; Gingrich denies this. After the divorce, jackie had to collect money from friends in her own collection in order to become a reliable assistant to her and the children to make ends meet; later, she filed a petition with the courts, stating that gingrich had failed to adequately provide for his relatives. Gingrich presented the judge with a financial report that showed that he r0;only gave 400 usd in 30 days plus 40 greens for his daughters' benefits. He spoke, but it can't buy itself anymore. But based on his eenses, gingrich listed $400 just for "food/dry cleaning, etc." - Per citizen.[259] in 1981, a judge ordered gingrich to provide substantially more in 1993. Jackie testified in court that gingrich had disobeyed the 1981 order "from the time it was issued." In the age range of 77 years. .[269][270][271][272] marianne helped control their finances to get them out of debt. At the same time, the new apartment did not want to lead the public life of the politician's wife. Gingrich's daughter, cathy, described the union as "difficult". An affair with the manager of the house of representatives callista bisek, who is younger than him by more than 2 decades. Gingrich had this affair, even as he led the impeachment of bill clinton for perjury relating to clinton's extramarital affair. Gingrich filed for divorce from marianne in 1999, just months after she was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Married, no children. On january 19, 2012, marianne stated in an interview on abc nightline that the porn bunny refused to accept gingrich's open marriage proposal. Gingrich disputed this account.[279] In early august of this millennium, gingrich married callista bisek four months after his divorce from marianne was finalized.[280] he and callista reside in mclean, virginia.[281] In a 2011 interview with david brody of the christian broadcasting network, gingrich spoke of his past infidelities, saying, "periodically in my life, partly due to of how passionately i was considered states that i worked so hard and inappropriate things happened in my life. Asked him to sign their so-called "marriage pledge," gingrich sent a lengthy written response. This included his promise to r0;maintain personal loyalty to my spouse.r1;[282] Raised as a lutheran,[283] gingrich was a southern baptist in graduate school. He converted to catholicism, the faith of his third wife callista bisek, on march 29, 2009.[284] [285] he said: "i gradually became a catholic over the course of several years, and then one day i decided to accept the faith where i had already come." He decided to officially become a catholic when he saw pope benedict xvi during the pope's visit to the united states in 2008. The presence of the holy father was a moment of confirmation of many things that i thought and eerienced in just a minimum of years.r1; [286] during a speech 7 years ago in columbus, ohio, he said, r0;in america, religious belief is being questioned by a cultural elite trying to create a secularized america in which god is banished from our lives.r1;[163] The catholic church recognizes his third marriage as valid on the basis of an annulment granted by his second marriage and the death of his wife from the first. Showed deep concern for animals. Gingrich's first involvement in civil affairs was to address the city council in his similar hometown of harrisburg, pennsylvania, about why the city should start its own zoo. He authored an introduction to a number of recommended zoos in america and claims to have visited more than 100 zoos.[293] Gingrich is enthusiastic about dinosaurs. The new yorker said of his 1995 book renew america: "it's fascinating that the player retained his enthusiasm for extinct giants well into middle age. In addition to listing breakthroughs in dinosaur research as a favorite list of futuristic wonders, he listed "people interested in dinosaurs." ' As a prime example of people who will enjoy its educational offerings." Started at a young age. Gingrich is interested in the us pursuing modern advances in space, including support for civilizations beyond earth,[296] but advocates for relying more on the private sector, rather than publicly funded nasa, to bring progress to fruition. [297] since 2010, he has been a member of the board of governors of the national space society.[298] During the 2012 election campaign, artinfo noted that gingrich eressed appreciation for the work of two american artists. He described james h. Cromartie's painting of the united states capitol as "an exceptional and truly beautiful work of art"; in norman rockwell's work, he saw the epitome of america around 1965, which is contrary to the prevailing sentiments of the modern "cultural elite". That gingrich will join the re-launch of the new version of crossfire in the fall of 2013 with panelists s. E. Kupp, stephanie cutter and van jones. Gingrich represented the right in the updated debate program. The show was canceled the next seeding season.[301] Books and films[edit] Nonfiction[edit] the role of government in solving social problems, associated faculty press, january 1982, isbn 978-0-86733-026-7window of opportunity, tom doherty associates, december 1985, isbn 978-0-312-93923 -6 contract with america (co-editor).Times books, december 1994, isbn 978-0-8129-2586-9restoring a dream, times books, may 1995, isbn 978-0-8129-2666-8quotes from speaker newt. Workman publishing company, july 1995, isbn 978-0-7611-0092-8renew america, farrar, strauss and giroux, july 1996, isbn 978-0-06-109539-9 lessons learned method. Harpercollins, may 1998, isbn 978-0-06-019106-1president's decision to certify 32 major manufacturing countries, and transit illicit drugs, diane publishing company, september 1999, isbn 978-0- 7881-3186-8saving lives and saving costs, alexis de tocqueville institute, april 2003, isbn 978-0-9705485-4-2winning further, regnery publishing, january 2005, isbn. >the art of transformation, with nancy desmond. Cht press, nov 2006, isbn 978-1-933966-00-7 earth contract, with terry l. Maple. Johns hopkins university press, october 2007, isbn 978-0-8018-8780-2 real change: from abundance that fails to a world that shows itself, regnery publishing, january 2008 isbn 978- 1-59698-053-2drill here, drill now, pay less: instructions for lowering gas costs and solving our energy crisis, with vince haley.Regnery publishing, september 2008, isbn 978-1-59698- 576-6 5 keys to a beautiful existence: from our family to the chosen one, with jackie gingrich cushman, crown publishing group, may 2009, isbn 978-0-307 -46232-9to save america: stop obama's socialist secular machine, with joe desantis, regnery publishing, may 2010, isbn 978-1-59698-596-4 -45074-672-4 a nation like no other: why american exceptionality matters, regnery publishing, june 2011, isbn 978-1-59698-271-0 breakthrough: pioneers of the future, prison guards of the past, and an epic battle that will decide america's fate, regnery publishing, november 2013, isbn 978-1-62157-021-9 understanding trump, center street, june 2017, isbn 978 - 1-4789-2308-4trump's america: the truth about our nation's great return, center street, june 2018, isbn 978-1-5460-7706-0trump vs. China: america's greatest challenge, center street, october 2019, isbn 978-1-5460-8507-2trump and america's beyond: solving the great problems of our day, central street, june 2020, isbn 978-1-5460-8504-1beyond biden: rebuilding america, we are love, center street, november 2021, isbn 978-1-5460-0025-9victory over big government socialism, center street, july 2022, isbn 978-1 -5460-0322-9fiction[ edit] Gingrich has co-authored the following alternate history novels and novel series with william r. Forstchen. 1945, baen books, august 1995; isbn 978-0-671-87739-2- civil war series gettysburg: a civil war novel, thomas dunne books, june 2003. Isbn 978-0-312-30935-0grant comes east , thomas dunne books, isbn 978-0-312-30937-4, june 2004 crater battle: a novel, thomas dunne books, november 2011 isbn 978-0-312-60710-4 pearl harbor: a novel, december 8, thomas dunne books, may 2007 isbn 978-0-312-36350-5days of infamy, thomas dunne books, april 2008 isbn 978-0-312-36351 -2eeriencing men's souls: a novel about george washington and the fight for american freedom, thomas dunne books, october 2009, isbn 978-0-312-59106-9valley forge: george washington and the crucible of victory, thomas dunne books, november 2010, isbn 978-0-312-59107-6 duality: a novel, center street press, october 13, 2015, co-author pete earley, isbn 978-1455530427change: a novel, center street press, october 11, 2016 , co-author pete earley, isbn 978-1455530441revenge: a novel, center street press, 10 october 2017 , co-author pete earley, isbn 978-1478923046collusion: a novel, broadside books, 30 april 2019 co-author pete earley, isbn 978-0062859983shakedown: a novel, broadside books , march 24, 2020, co-author pete earley, isbn 978-0062860194 Movies [edit] Ronald reagan: rendezvous with fate, gingrich productions, 2009[302]nine days that changed the world, gingrich productions, 2010[303]see see also[edit] Biography portal list of federal political scandals in the united stateslist of federal political sex scandals in the united stateslist of representatives in america who have been eelled, convicted or reprimandedquotes[edit]</>^ Patrick, john j.; Pious, richard m.; Ritchie, donald a. (July 4, 2001).Oxford guide to the us government. Oxford university press, usa. P. 264. Isbn 9780195142730 .^ "Biography of the us congress: gingrich, newton leroy." Bioguide.Congress.Gov/. Archived from the original on june 28, 2011. Checked april 20, 17. Npr. 2011 december 8. Archived from the original on august 17, 2016. Retrieved february 16, 2012. ^ "Gingrich is leaving." Cnn. November 6, 1998 archived from the original on march 5, 2016 ^ "has gingrich quit the speakership". Politifact. Archived from the original on august 22, 2019. Retrieved january 6, 2020 ^ a b c d mason, lililan (2018). Non-civil agreement. University of chicago press. Archived from the original on october 18, 2018. Retrieved october 6, 2018. ^ A b c d rosenfeld, sam (2017). Polarizers. University of chicago press. Archived from the original on november 15, 2018. Retrieved october 6, 2018. ^ A b c theriault, sean m. (May 23, 2013). Senators gingrich: the roots of guerrilla warfare in congress. Oxford, new york: oxford university press. Isbn 9780199307456 . Archived from the original on 22 november 2018. Retrieved 6 october 2018. ^ A b harris, douglas b. (2013). "Let's quench the excitement in hardball." Politics to the limit. Palgrave macmillan usa. Pp. 93-115. Doi: 10.1057/9781137312761_5. Isbn 9781137361424 .^ A b zelizer, julian (2020). Burning the house: newt gingrich, the speaker's fall, and the rise of the new republican party. Penguin. ^ "Gingrich tops polls in iowa, south carolina, north carolina and colorado". Poconorecord.Com. December 6, 2011 archived from the original on november 21, 2011 retrieved december 28, 2011 ^ unprecedented 2016 presidential election rachel bitkofer palgrave macmillan. 146. Archived from the original on october 6, 2018. Retrieved october 6, 2018. ^ Mastrangelo, dominique (december 22, 2020). "Gingrich won't accept biden as president," democrats say, "republicans 'live in alternative worlds'." Hill. Retrieved january 24, 2022. ^ "Newt gingrich, parents, grandparents". 1989. Republican candidates.Org. Archived from the original on june 24, 2016. Retrieved march 12, 2012. ^ Rourke, mary (september 25, 2003). r0;Kathleen gingrich, 77; the news was made by the mother of the speaker of the house". Los angeles times. Archived from the origina
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ulsion of representatives dan crane and jerry studds. Gingrich supported a proposal to ban imf loans to communist countries, and approved a bill that would make martin luther king jr. Day a new federal holiday.[41] In 1983, gingrich founded the conservative society opportunities (cos), a group that included young conservative republicans in the house of representatives. Authorized cos members included robert smith walker, judd gregg, dan coates and connie mack iii. The group gradually e
filed ethics charges against democratic speaker jim wright, who was alleged to have used the book deal to circumvent campaign finance laws and ethics rules. House of representatives. During the investigation, it was reported that gingrich had a special unusual deal with the book "window of prospects" and here advertising investments were covered by a limited liability partnership. He raised $105,000 from supporter republican politics to spur sales of gingrich's book. Gingrich's success in forcing wright's resignation contributed to his rising influence in the republican caucus. This was gingrich's first official tenure in the republican party.[49] he said his intention was himself to "create a much more aggressive, activist party".[48] in the early days of his role as whip, in late spring 1989, gingrich was involved in negotiations to appoint a panamanian administrator of the panama canal, which was to take place in 1989, subject to us government approval. Gingrich openly opposed the transfer of control of the canal to an administrator appointed by the dictatorship in panama. Protested what they saw as ethical errors during nearly 40 years of democratic control. The house of dealers banking scandal and the congressional post office scandal were symbols of e